History of American football Essay

Even though football is an American game its origins came from villages and schools in Europe for many centuries before America was even settled by Europeans. They played in the streets and oddly used a lemon as their ball. Soon many universities started creating their own teams and competing against each other. It took awhile, however, because it was a very rough and violent game so many colleges banned the game. Walter Camp is considered to be the â€Å"Father of American football†. He is widely considered to be the most important figure in the development of the game. When he was young, he excelled in sports like track, baseball, and soccer, and after enrolling at Yale in 1876, he earned varsity honors in every sport the school offered. Camp joined the Massasoit House conventions where rules were debated and changed. He proposed his first rule change at the first meeting he attended in 1878. His idea was for there to be a reduction from fifteen players to eleven. The motion was rejected at that time but later passed in 1880. The effect was to open up the game and emphasize speed over strength. Camp’s most famous change, the establishment of the line of scrimmage and the snap from center to quarterback, was also passed in 1880. Originally, the snap was executed with the foot of the center. Later changes made it possible to snap the ball with the hands, either through the air or by a direct hand-to-hand pass. Camp’s new scrimmage rules revolutionized the game, though not always as intended. Princeton, in particular, used scrimmage play to slow the game, making very slow progress towards the end zone during each down. Rather than increase scoring, which had been Camp’s original intent, the rule was exploited to maintain control of the ball for the entire game, resulting in slow, unexciting contests. At the 1882 rules meeting, Camp proposed that a team be required to advance the ball a minimum of five yards within three downs. These down-and-distance rules, combined with the establishment of the line of scrimmage, transformed the game from a variation of rugby or soccer into the distinct sport of American football Camp was central to several more significant rule changes that make the American football we know today. In 1881, the field was reduced in size to its modern dimensions of 120 by 53? yards. Several times in 1883, Camp changed the scoring rules, finally arriving at four points for a touchdown, two points for kicks after touchdowns, two points for safeties, and five for field goals. In 1887, game time was set at two halves of 45 minutes each. Also in 1887, two paid officials, a referee and an umpire, were required for each game. A year later, the rules were changed to allow tackling below the waist, and in 1889, the officials were given whistles and stopwatches.

Ilm M4.01 Essay

Managers have subordinates – people who operate at levels below the managers’. 10 In summary10 Leadership and Adaptability10 4. Communication and interpersonal relationships11 4. 1 Explanation11 4. 2 Barriers11 5. Development opportunities12 5. 1 Personal style14 5. 2 Personal development16 M4. 01: Understanding the management role (Work based assignment) 1. Introduction 1. 1 My Role – Principle Desktop Engineer †¢ Medway Council. The council employs around 7,000 people in a wide variety of general and specialist roles. Staff are based in the two main offices: Gun Wharf Chatham Maritime and Civic Centre in Strood. As well as in schools, social services centres and leisure, countryside, heritage and arts centres. †¢ My role within the organisation is Principle Desktop Engineer. I currently have a team of 8 engineers and an apprentice. †¢ The main purpose of the job is to manage the desktop engineer team, providing an effective and efficient desktop service to Medway Council. A full Job description (JDQ) is listed at appendix 1. 2. Medway Council[1] Medway Council is a unitary council responsible for providing services, including education and social services, in Rochester, Strood, Chatham, Gillingham, Rainham, the nearby rural areas and the Hoo Peninsula. The council also ensures that people comply with regulations, supports business and tourism in Medway and works to include everyone and regenerate the area. Services People who need services can find information on our website or at the council’s main offices, the town centre contact points as well as in local papers and radio and in the free magazine for residents, Medway Matters. You can also pay online for many services, including council tax, rent and parking fines and also complain if services are not up to your expectations. Decisions Decisions about our services are made after asking people for their views about, for example, what core values should underpin decisions and much more. Councillors make decisions about everything from refuse collection to regeneration of the area. It is their job to ensure that services are provided cost effectively, where they are needed and without discrimination. Council meetings are publicised in advance and members of the public are welcome to attend. Partnership Working in partnership with others to tackle problems effectively and campaign is co-ordinated through the Local Strategic Partnership and set out in the community plan. Other examples of partnership working are the Children and Young People’s Partnership and Community Safety Partnership (CSP). Employer As an employer of around 7,000 people, Medway Council offers full and part-time career opportunities. 2. 1 The council’s vision †¢ The Council’s vision for Medway is that Medway will be thriving, confident and healthy, a place where people are proud to live, work and learn. There will be opportunities for everyone to achieve and succeed, and to get the most out of life. We will celebrate the diversity of our communities, tackling disadvantage in all its forms. The local economy will grow an increasing number and range of jobs created by the expansion of existing businesses and the attraction of new ones. With a University for Medway offering opportunities for all local people, we will have a highly educated and skilled workforce, able to meet the needs of employers. Economic prosperity and progress will not however, be achieved at the expense of the environment. People living in Medway will enjoy a high quality of life, with decent, affordable housing. There will be a responsive transport system, helping to reduce traffic congestion. We will improve the environment and maintain it for future generations. †¢ This can only be achieved through the participation of all – the community, the Council, businesses and others sharing ambition and responsibility. We will listen to local people and jointly take pride in improving the place where we live. Networks of voluntary groups working with local people will be encouraged. Medway Council will provide high quality services, always working to improve value for money. Over and above this the Council will consult and involve local people so that decisions are taken on spending limited resources together. The Council will co-coordinate partnerships across boundaries to achieve common objectives. Medway Council will seek to set an example as a good and fair employer. †¢ Medway matters â €“ there is no limit to what we can achieve. Working together we will shape the future of Medway and create an environment of flourishing communities with people who fulfil their potential. . 2 Organisational structure The council is made up of two directorates: †¢ Children and Adults †¢ Regeneration, Community and Culture An additional partnership with NHS Medway includes: †¢ The Public Health Directorate An organisational chart can be found at appendix 2 with a management role table at appendix 3. 2. 2. 1 Functional areas and managerial roles in relation to its purpose Under the Medway Council Personal Development Review (PDR) there are several personal qualities and attributes (PQAs) which middle managers are assessed against: Commitment to diversity and integrity – promoting and managing diversity and demonstrating a fair and ethical approach in all situations †¢ Openness to change – proactively supporting change, seeking opportunities to pr omote improved organizational effectiveness †¢ Confidence and resilience – consistently projecting and promoting a confident, controlled and focused attitude in highly challenging situations †¢ Working with others – leading, involving and motivating others both within Medway and in the community †¢ Effective communication – communicating effectively oth orally and in writing †¢ Commitment to development – committed and able to develop self, individuals and teams to improve organisational effectiveness †¢ Problem solving – understanding and applying relevant information to make appropriate decisions which reflect key priorities and requirements †¢ Situational awareness – maintaining an active awareness of the environment to promote safe and effective working †¢ Commitment to excellence – leading groups to achieve excellence by the establishment, maintaining and managing performance requirements †¢ Planning and implementing – creating and implementing effective plans to deliver a range of organizational objectives †¢ Political/organizational awareness – recognizing the potential political impact and implications of actions from a strategic perspective These are primarily for operational staff but there is an expectation that all middle managers fulfil these roles. 2. 3 Stakeholders and their objectives A stakeholder is any individual or organisation that is affected by the activities of a business. They may have a direct or indirect interest in the business, and may be in contact with the business on a daily basis, or may just occasionally. Our main stake holders are: †¢ Members – they are elected, accountable and drive values and activities. †¢ Staff – they will be interested in job security and pay. †¢ Agencies – Shools, NHS, Housing, Police, Highways, Waste and Building Control. †¢ Other authorities – SE7, a partnership of seven councils that have committed to working together to improve quality of services and to achieve savings. Stakeholders have an interest in the company but do not own it. I would suggest that most people would say the public would be the main stakeholder as the end-user. However there is a stakeholder matrix which is used to assess how much power and influence they have to an organisation. Using this then influences how much attention/priority the organisation should allocate to each. [pic] 3. The role of management in achieving goals To achieve its goals and ensure that the stakeholder’s interests are continually analysed and met, the council employs middle managers. The council goals can only be achieved if everyone works as a team and supports the council vision and values. Middle managers are an important component of this team. Middle managers have a responsibility within the organisation to implement at an operational level, the policy and programs set out by the senior managers and directors. They have a strong impact on the outcome of customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and the efficiency and development of the organisation. Middle managers within the company also act as role models who interpret and represent the company; they communicate and track the different goals and policies ensuring information flows up as well as down. 3. 1 Responsibilities of middle managers Middle managers relay strategic objections from senior managers to their subordinates. They set local targets, review and evaluate, and report back to senior managers. Communication is therefore crucial in the organisation to ensure everyone fully understands their roles and responsibilities. Middle managers play an important role in promulgating information to their staff from senior managers in an appropriate manner and understandable language to ensure duties are carried out efficiently and effectively, as we have a duty as â€Å"public servants† to provide value for money. In essence they make it â€Å"real†. Various systems are in place to enable middle managers to provide evaluation on targets to senior managers, and provide data for Best Value Performance Indicators (BVPIs). Adair’s Action Centred Leadership model can be used to show how middle managers can show achievement towards the organisation’s goals: By Achieving the Task By Developing the Team By Developing Individuals Importantly as well, Adair set out these core functions of leadership and says they are vital to the Action Centred Leadership model: Planning – seeking information, defining tasks, setting aims †¢ Initiating – briefing, task allocation, setting standards †¢ Controlling – maintaining standards, ensuring progress, on-going decision-making †¢ Supporting – individuals’ contributions, encouraging, team spirit, reconciling, morale †¢ Informing – clarifying tasks and plans, updating, receiving feedback and interpreting †¢ Evaluating – feasibility of ideas, performance, enabling self assessment Following training, Medway Council middle managers are involved in recruiting staff, conduct appraisals and performance management and absence management, in accordance with service procedures. Middle managers are specialists within their department or team. . 3. 2 Leadership/Management styles How you talk to your staff, how you motivate, how you delegate, how you solve problems and how you make decisions will depend on you view your role as a manager or as a leader. The table at appendix 4 lists the different styles. 3. 3 To lead or to manage You need both. The old proverb says that leadership is doing the right thing; management is doing things right. The difference between the two is not as sharp as the saying would suggest, and both are required for effective corporate growth: leadership risk creates opportunities while management strictness turns them into tangible results. â€Å"If your organization is not on a journey don’t bother about leadership – just settle for management† advises John Adair. â€Å"There is a direct correlation between the way people view their managers and the way they perform† [2] Leadership vs. Management What is the difference between management and leadership? The biggest difference between managers and leaders is the way they motivate the people who work or follow them, and this sets the tone for most other aspects of what they do. Many people are both. They have management jobs, but they realize that you cannot buy hearts, especially to follow them down a difficult path, and so act as leaders too. Managers have subordinates – people who operate at levels below the managers’. Leaders have followers, leaders do not have subordinates – at least not when they are leading. Many organizational leaders do have subordinates, but only because they are also managers. But when they want to lead, they have to give up formal authoritarian control, because to lead is to have followers, and following is always a voluntary activity. In summary The table at appendix 5 summarizes the differences between being a leader and being a manager. This is, of course, an illustrative characterisation, and there is a whole spectrum between either end of these scales along which each person can range. Leadership and Adaptability We know that what will inspire or motivate one staff member, will not inspire or motivate another; managers therefore need to be adaptable in their responses to staff. 4. Communication and interpersonal relationships 4. 1 Explanation[3] Interpersonal communication is a crucial part of your everyday life, yet you probably rarely think about the way in which you interact with other individuals. DeVito defines interpersonal communications as â€Å"communication that takes place between two persons who have an established relationship; the people are in some way ‘connected’ Thus, as interpersonal communication can occur between romantic partners, business associates, doctors and patients, etc. , it permeates our lives. Often, you devote your interpersonal interactions to attempts at influencing the other individual in some way. 4. 2 Barriers One thing I’ve seen as an inhibitor is people like to communicate in different ways. So as a manager, we need to really seek to understand for each person, what they prefer. Some may like short 1-1 sessions that focus on quick communication of facts. Some may like longer communication sessions and be comfortable talking about personal life. Some may want weekly 1-1s, some bi-weekly. Trying to tailor the communication style in personal interactions is important. Another inhibitor I’ve seen is globally dispersed teams where communication can often take the form of instant message conversations and emails. I find that at least on occasion, suggesting a quick 5 minute call to cover something can really be of value – allows a more personal level of communication and can also allow for â€Å"off topic† communication which can help people connect. Management is based on communication but being able to transfer that into drivers, performance, motivation and sustainability needs leadership and empowerment skills. It is the basis of trust building. You can give someone a reprimand or praise and even both over a coffee and with genuine commitment you have a strong bond to build on. It converts into motivation when focused right. It’s not just about communicating – it’s about several crucial interplays of trust, motivation, inspiration, support and leadership. The main barriers we come across are solved on a trust related basis. Even a simple barrier like arriving late for work is a mountain without trust. Bottom line is each team player is different – respect will give you the ability to enter and discuss. Trust will aid the action plan†¦ then follow up and reward progress mechanisms facilitate team building and mentoring. 5. Development opportunities Every council employee has a PDR covering: †¢ Performance over the last 6/12 months, achieved objectives/targets, areas of good performance. †¢ Areas of performance to be developed further or any other problems or constraints. †¢ Agreed priority objectives/targets for next 12 months (including any Corporate Plan objectives/targets). †¢ Review of development and training over last 12 months. †¢ Agreed future development. †¢ section/department/authority. †¢ Manager’s comments. †¢ Employee’s comments All managers will manage differently as no two people are the same. However if a manager is able to critically appraise their own performance they will be able to identify areas to be developed, or at least to be aware of. The Johari Window (Loft and Hingham) is a widely used model for understanding and training self-awareness, personal development, improving communications, interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, team development and inter-group relationships. [4] [pic] 1. The public area contains things that are openly known and talked about and which may be seen as strengths or weaknesses. This is the self that we choose to share with others 2. The hidden area contains things that others observe that we don’t know about. Again, they could be positive or negative behaviours, and will affect the way that others act towards us. 3. The unknown area contains things that nobody knows about us – including ourselves. This may be because we’ve never exposed those areas of our personality, or because they’re buried deep in the subconscious. 4. The private area contains aspects of our self that we know about and keep hidden from others. 5. 1 Personal style The main two styles used by myself now are Negotiating and Facilitating I carried out a self-assessment and had three of staff carry out the assessment for comparison. All four assessments are fairly well balanced showing my main two styles are: Negotiating and Facilitating. Appendix 6 is my self-assessment. Appendix 7 is an assessment by one of my senior engineers. This shows a lower result for Directing and a higher result for Laissez-faire when compared to the other two staff assessments. This person is experienced, knowledgeable and trustworthy and has pride in his work. Appendix 8 is an assessment by one of my junior engineers. This shows an increase in Directing and a small decrease in Laissez-faire. This person is competent but still requires a little coaching at times. Appendix 9 is an assessment by a fairly new member of staff. This shows a significant increase in Directing and a small decrease in Laissez-faire. This person being fairly new to the team still requires Directing while he gets used to the policies and working practices of the organisation. From the assessment results, it is clear that my main two leadership styles are Negotiating and Facilitating, this fits in well with the organisation and is both encouraged and supported by the business. I believe I use the following styles: †¢ Style 1 – the directing or telling leader. This style I use on new members of staff and for projects that are high priority and need to be completed by the book. †¢ Style – 2 the coaching or selling leader. I use this style when dealing with the every day workloads, I have two senior engineers who manage the internal and external work queues seperately. I leave them to orghanise there own schedule but monitor both queues and expect feed back from them. †¢ Style 3 – the supporting or participating leader. I use this style during when I have smaller projects that I can delegate to my engineers knowing that they are fully capable of achieving the goals laid down. †¢ Style 4 – the delegating leader. I use this when I delegate more complex projects to my senior engineers knowing that they are fully capable of achieving the goals set out and will seek my advice/approval if any changes are required during the project. 5. 2 Personal development My areas for self improvement would be: 1. Communication, change leadership is enhanced when leaders communicate a little at a time, as often as possible, in as many different ways as possible, and providing as many different perspectives as possible. Once team members have built their own personal model of the future and have checked it out against the reality of what is happening on the ground, so that they can once again begin to make their own decisions, the communication process will have served its purpose. This could be achieved by allowing time for more team meetings to pass on any changes that may be in the pipeline, get an update on how the team feel in general. What has worked – can we improve on current working practices to give an improved and more efficient service to the organisation. What hasn’t worked and why, analyse where the task went wrong and see if it can be avoided in the future, lessons learnt. Finally to give praise/rewards where/if appropriate. 2. Self awareness, more patience with both team members and customers, being an autocratic leader for 20 years leaves its mark. My own personal development plan can be found at appendix 10 Possible organisational improvements: 1. Review working practices on a regular basis and try to improve on them making work more productive, efficient leading to a more effective service to the organisation [pic][pic] ———————– [1] Medway Council website [2] Adair, 1997 [3] DeVito, J. A. (2004). The interpersonal communication book, 10th ed. Boston: Pearson-Allyn & Bacon. [4] Google Images

Power of Context Essay Essay

The power of context, written by Malcolm Gladwell, discuss’ many different social change theories such as the â€Å"Broken Windows Theory†, â€Å"Tipping Points† and the â€Å"Power of Context theory†. All of these theories were researched and studies performed to prove that we are influenced by the features of our immediate social and physical world, these shaping who we are and how we act. These theories have been seen in every part of town, Graffiti painted buildings and broken windows in vacant houses. Where there are news paper articles written about the few that have taken the initiative to turn their neighborhood around. Where neighbors rally to paint over graffiti, fix broken windows, make a park where once was a gang hangout. Where as sad as it may seem, most of the children fit into the description of the four youths who attempted to mug Goetz December 22 ,1984. Where Goetz was dubbed the â€Å"Subway Vigilante† after fighting back against he would be muggers, shooting them in the subway and later being acquitted on charges of assault and attempted murder. Goetz’ case has become a symbol of a particular, dark moment in New York City history, the moment when the city’s crime problem reached epidemic proportions or the â€Å"Tipping Point†. The â€Å"Tipping Point† where in epidemiology the â€Å"tipping point† is the moment when a virus reaches critical mass. Gladwell links these would have been muggers and the shooting to another theory, one that would change the atmosphere and quite possibly the culture of the neighborhood the thugs came from. The â€Å"Broken Window Theory† was the brainchild of the criminalogistics James Q Wilson and George Kelling. Wilson and Kelling argued that â€Å"crime is the inevitable result of disorder. If a window is broken and left unrepaired, people walking by will conclude that no one cares and no one is in charge. Soon, more windows will be broken, and the sense of anarchy will spread from the building to the street on which it faces, sending a signal that anything goes. In a city, relatively minor problems like graffiti, public disorder, and aggressive panhandling, they write, are all the equivalent of broken windows, invitations to more serious crimes.† (Gladwell, 237) The â€Å"Power of Context† theory that Gladwell writes about and the â€Å"Broken Windows Theory† are one and the same We have all heard the saying, â€Å"You are what you eat†. The same would be true in you are what you surround yourself with. I feel that the â€Å"Power of Context† is true in the context that if you live in a home you are proud of, you will be more confident in your self worth. If you surround yourself with people more intelligent than yourself, you will increase your mental aptitude. Those that set goals and stick to them seem to achieve more than those who never set goals. I feel that Gladwell did a great job in personifying the theories and arguing their relevance. Works Cited Gladwell, Malcolm. Gladwell, Malcolm. The Power of Context. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Publishing Company, 2009. View as multi-pages

Critical Pedagogy Applications in Observed Classroom Management Essay

Critical Pedagogy Applications in Observed Classroom Management - Essay Example Critical Pedagogy Applications in Observed Classroom Management One is interested in the topic since during the course of observing an Advanced English Grammar (ALI 345) class, one came into reckoning with the fact that the instructional style and approach, factors which are within the control of educators, could significantly impact on the behavior and actual academic performance of students within the traditional classroom setting. After the background literature, the discussion would proceed with outlining the course context, the student profile, and the overall observed classroom management approach. A discussion of lessons learned, as well as reflections as mentee would form a major part of the paper. The article written by Kumaravadivelu (1994) was instrumental in supporting the current topic as the author delved into strategies which could actually improve classroom management. As specifically noted, strategic framework for L2 teaching utilize macrostrategies which were differentiated to microstrategies, to wit: â€Å"macrostrategies are general plans de- rived from theoretical, empirical, and pedagogical knowledge related to L2 learning/teaching.A macrostrategy is a broad guideline, based on which teachers can generate their own situation-specific, need-based microstrategies or classroom techniques† (Kumaravadivelu, 1994, p. 32). In so doing, the information synthesized from the article could be used to evaluate the strategies used and observed in the specific classroom setting. Another article, written by Clayton (2010), the author’s design of a critical pedagogy, defined as â€Å"a set of instructional practices that focuses on the structures present in real, situated learning spaces (McLaren, 1986) in order to create egalitarian, participatory, and empowered participants, allowing them to receive language and content learning while interacting as equal partners with others† (381) was acknowledged to be useful in enhancing classroom management in the observed setting. Clayton (2010) emphasized the need to acculturate students from diverse cultural backgrounds to the culture they intend to practice the second language being learned. The method was instrumental in improving participation of culturally diverse students within the ESL learning environment. (Clayton, 2010). The critical pedagogy method was likewise acknowledged by Johnson (1999) who likewise recognized the value of this approach in empowering students through the ESL learning process by designing effective classroom management techniques. It is interesting to note that Johnson’s assertion that â€Å"although students can be more or less empowered-for example, they can be given more responsibility for their own learning, they can take part in the design of their own courses, and they can be given more meaningful and less competitive assignments-teachers still retain authority in the classroom (Oyler, 1996; cited in Johnson, 1999, p. 560). Through the classroom management techniques that were applied in the observed Advanced English Grammar (ALI 345) class, one recognized that the role, style, and application of critical pedagogy

Mini Persuasive Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mini Persuasive Research Paper - Essay Example In 2006, however, the ban was lifted and the United States government allowed two companies to produce silicone for medical purposes (Agadoni, 2012). In 2012, the number of breast augmentation procedures carried out within United States was 286,274. The year saw an increase in breast augmentation procedure by 35% from 2000 in which only 212,500 cases of breast augmentation were reported (Surgeons, 2012). Many believe that these procedures are injurious to women’s health and in many cases are unnecessary. Some on the other hand argue that these procedures may not be necessary for women’s physical health but are an integral part to their mental and moral health. This paper is going to examine the arguments made by those arguing in favor and against breast augmentation and suggest solution that might help address the issue. Arguments supporting breast augmentation: The most compelling argument that is presented in favor of breast augmentation is that it helps women boost t heir confidence. A large portion of women who opt for breast implants is to increase their confidence. These women get implants because they feel that the way they view their body would have a significant impact not only on their confidence but also on their self-esteem (Bejra Medical Institute, 2013). Some women get breast implants to reshape their breasts after pregnancy. In most cases women’s breasts tend to lose their natural shape and can sometimes become saggy after their pregnancy. This is especially seen in women that breastfeed their children. Through breast implants women are able to get the shape of their breasts back a factor that appeals to majority of women (Bejra Medical Institute, 2013). Age is another factor that drives women towards the procedure. The fear of losing their looks as they age women turns to breast augmentation to have their breasts reconstructed by doctors. Through the procedure of breast augmentation women tend to feel as though they have rega ined their youth (Bejra Medical Institute, 2013). Some women undergo the procedure to obtain clothes that fit them better. Most clothes available in the market are designed to fit women that have large breasts. Women with flat chests are unable to purchase these clothes which can lead to these women developing a complex. By getting breast implants the variety of clothing that is available to them significantly increases. Moreover since their clothes fit them better after their procedure they feel a lot more confident in their clothing than they do before the procedure (Bejra Medical Institute, 2013). Arguments against breast augmentation: One of the most compelling arguments that is put against the procedure of breast augmentation is that research has proven time and time again that the procedure in itself and the silicone implants are dangerous to women’s health in a number of ways (Food Drug Assosiation, 2011). In 2011, the U.S food and drug administration stated that there is a possible link between Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) and breast implantation. The study stated that the risk of women with breast implants developing ALCL maybe low but there is a definite relationship between the two (Food Drug Assosiation, 2011). The research identified more than 34 cases of ALCL in which the patient had undergone breast augmentation around the world that were unique. Moreover, FDA obtained data from a number of sources showing that there were 60 confirmed cases of

TOCYO's Approach Managing People Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TOCYO's Approach Managing People - Assignment Example The report will discuss the issues that were currently being faced by the company. The company was in quite a lot of mess there were many issues in nearly all the departments of the company as well as the management alos had issues amongst themselves. The report will identify the issues, present the causes of the issues and then present a solution for the problem. The only solution for the company is to bring about a whole revamping era into his firm so as to make sure that they can grab back their marketing share and as well as start making profits. INTRODUCTION The company was founded by Harold Bennett who was an ex-marine engineer, he company was working successfully under him and there were no serious issues, but when issues started to raise their heads, he sold the company to another person and stopped his interference in the company, but later when once again the company was losing out on its market share the new owner decided to sell it. Gordon Bennett, who was a family member of the founder felt that the company should once again come back into the family decided to undergo a management buyout. ... Each departmental head was on the look out to create benefit for themselves and for her friends. The employee were not being paid properly, there was serious discrepancies in the pays that were being handed out and the employees hence felt degraded and left out. There were serious financial drains in the company in the form of part time workers and failed experiments. Also, some of the departmental heads had made many things an egotistical issue, when there was no such thing. The departmental head had also failed to account for the cultural structure of Mexico where unionism is quite strong and hence the difference in payments was treated as a huge issue. One major thing in the company was the increasing nepotism which always leads to the downfall of companies. Another major issue that he is currently facing is in relation to the relocation, if he merges the two units there will be some layoffs, but it would result in major cost savings, he has to make a decision about it as well and soon, and make sure that decision is in the favor of the employees and the company as a whole. Management Currently there are many issues in the management; in fact some of the major issues which are then leading to smaller issues are emerging from the management. The HR department at first needs a serious bit of change, although Swagg has a lot of experience in the same industry but she really lacks the honesty and the vigor that should be in her as a part of HR department. The kind of employees that you are hire are the ones that really make a difference in today’s business, employees help you create the niche that gives you a competitive advantage in the long run. She should know that

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 106

Case Study Example The Swiss chocolate ice cream cake roll has to be sourced from another vendor in the supplier’s list immediately. The situation analysis needs to begin with the communication breakdown. It is important to assess the communication between the sales department and the conference organizer who was supposed to ensure that the guests did not bring along their pets. The reservationist failed to inquire if the guests were dog or cat owners, which would have helped to avoid the two pets from creating a commotion at the Times hotel. The events demonstrated failure among the reservations personnel. There is need to ask them to explain why the mess occurred. The reason for two room attendants not to report to work during such chaos is questionable and needs an explanation. The switchboard operator failed to relay calls with important information to the chef and the reasons need to be known. The air conditioner was faulty and the front office manager did not get this information as calls from the executive engineer went unanswered. The switch board operator plays a significant role in the hotel’s co mmunication network and should not fail in his/her duty. The significance of effective communication between the front office and other departments cannot be overemphasized. It is important for the front office manager to develop an analytical perspective of the communication system. Active participation by front the office manager in routine communication is important for the effective management of other departments. Employees need to be trained on how to deal with colleagues within their department as well as in other departments to enhance professionalism in communication and service delivery. The function board needs to be reviewed with every employee on respective shifts to ensure professional initial guest contact. The front office manager needs to help the employees to concentrate on every day’s

Compare and contrast how relationships between men and women Essay

Compare and contrast how relationships between men and women - Essay Example Steeped in melancholia, under the deep mask of genteel urbanity of sterile beauty lies the battleground of the sexes where men must baffle the women into submission and women must restrain their natural urges to trick men into marrying them. Belinda like an ideal of such nubile aspirations yearns for calculated gains that are not necessarily moral. The actual relationship between men and women has been classically mocked and shown to be the prey of machinations and utter confusion that is hardly resolved. Ironically the women are shown to be fair and unequal to men who posses the right to offend and encroach, while the women may only resort to restore and repress themselves, and their only weapon of injury to men are their "killing" eyes. (Last canto). Marvell's To His Coy Mistress does introduce his mistress as a passive listener, unlike the panting and raging host of women in Rape Of the Lock, but gives a semblance of a relationship that is metaphysically yearning to leap all boundaries of physicality and transgress the platonic boundaries that her shyness is imposing on them. The poet reveals the length of cajoling he would have indulged into had their love been just eternal in their physicality.

Ecotourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ecotourism - Essay Example uld be considered as culturally significant for the local people, it becomes necessary to take care that tourism does not in any way hurt the well being of such communities. Infact one way of improving the well being of the local communities would be to provide them with direct financial benefits to help them conserve the environment or purchasing goods and services directly from them and empowering them. As can be seen from the above discussion, the main difference, as Beeton (1998) points out, between other types of tourism and eco-tourism is that eco-tourism is more involved in conserving the ecological aspect of the environment; there is greater attention given to the ethical aspect of preserving the environment and improving the well being of the local communities involved. Ecotourism activities can include a whole range of activities from photography, wild life viewing, bird watching, mountaineering and even skiing. These activities can come under different categories of touris m but they become ecotourism activities solely when people become aware of the ethical responsibility they have in preserving and conserving the environment. It is therefore not hard to imagine why ecotourism is given precedence in the study of sociology. Sociology, put simply, is the study of the society. It provides deep insight about the social behavior and activities of humans within a society. Buckley (2004), states that the study of social norms is an inherent part of the discipline of sociology and social norms especially pertinent to outdoor creation, have drawn considerable attention in the past few years. Therefore, ecotourism in sociological terms simply seeks to define social norms which are used in evaluating outdoor behavior and environmental conditions. The growth of... Ecotourism Encouraging ecotourism in developing countries would firstly and fore mostly help the economy diversify. As a result of promoting ecotourism, more businesses will spring up and further business expansion in different fields would help spread the risk over a range of diverse economic activities. This is most important relevant to those developing countries who are highly dependent on a single sector in their economy (oil production or agricultural production). The diversification will also help bring in monetary benefits for the local economy. By bringing people into the area, new money will be injected into the economy. The most important strategy for a sustained ecotourism approach is to increase the participation and involvement of the local people. The whole essence of ecotourism lies in its ability to improve the well being of the local community. The new money circulating in the economy can be used in a variety of forms. It can be used on public expenditure and can be spent on building infrastructure for the country. It can also take the form of greater employment opportunities, and increased production which will attempt to increase the GDP of the country. Production induced phenomenon will work when businesses will buy goods and services from other business and consumption induced phenomenon will work when the final consumers would buy goods and services. However, the promotion of ecotourism must be done with caution because it can also put an additional burden on the financial and economic resources of the country.

Politics Among nations Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Politics Among nations - Article Example Objective laws, similar to political laws, trace their descent back to the human race. Comparing Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill’s foreign policies the author highlights that while the former had a very clean set of moral intentions still his foreign policy did not prove to be substantially good for the world as a whole. For the latter, however, he said that Churchill was always narrow minded but still his foreign policy proved to be an example for the foreign policies that were to be made for generations to come. In order to distinguish between political and non political facts it is essential that the concept of interest be defined in terms of power. The author ascertains form this fact that the actions and thoughts of political leaders are governed by power. The political and cultural context in which a foreign policy is made is essential and cannot be over looked. The power that governs the political leaders is not the only thing that is required to construct the foreign policy. The cultural and moral values of a particular nation cannot be ascertained as the sole representatives of an entire universe’s moral and cultural values. Thus, it can be said that a single nation’s moral values hold separately from the entire universes’. A politically realistic approach to the autonomy of a political sphere would be asking of the following question: â€Å"Is this politically realistic approach effective on the power and realistic nature of the nation as a whole?† In my opinion this is a comprehensive theory that governs the human population as a whole. Anything that is not connected to the morals of human beings cannot be significantly true of them. thus it can very well be ascertained that the famousness of these six rules of political realism are highly justified and should

Technological advancements for identification Essay Example for Free

Technological advancements for identification Essay The Platypus was first described in 1799 in Shaws naturalists Miscellany along with the koala, Kangaroo, wombat and emu. The most curious was the platypus. Since its first discovery there has been much debate as to whether it is a mammal and how it should be classified. The platypus is a primitive mammal that has many features that separate it from other mammals-it lays eggs, there is an absence of true teeth and an absence of mammary glands, although it has special glands that secrete milk. It has fur like other animals, but it has a beak like the bill of a duck, webbed feet and a tail like a beaver. A dried platypus skin has been sent to England in 1798 and was considered to be fake. Up until 1884 there was uncertainty about how the platypus reproduced. In 1884 Caldwell solved the problem by capturing a female with eggs. About 1904 the scientific American reported that there are many mammals that do not possess teeth when adults. Up until 1973 there was uncertainty about the platypus being able to regulate its body temperature like other mammals. Recent research shows that it can regulate body temperature but the mechanism is underdeveloped. There are two living groups: The platypuses and the echidnas. The only Cretaceous mammal known for Australia is also a monotreme, Steropodon galmani, a platypus-like animal that might be more appropriately placed in a family of its own. Until 1971, an understanding of the history of Australias platypus was non-existent. Apart from the fact that it was a monotreme and only known from Australia, all else was mystery. Then three major discoveries were made: two molar teeth of Obdurodon insignis, a 25 million-year-old platypus from the Tirari desert; a jaw fragment with three teeth of sterepodan galmani a 110 million year old monotreme from opal deposits at Lightning  Ridge, New South Wales; and, from 15-20-million-year-old Riversleigh deposits, a complete skull as well as a nearly complete dentition of a second species of Obdurdon. In 1971, while one puzzled group of Palaeontologists stared in confusion at a strange tooth found in the late Oligocene deposits of Lake Frome Embayment. These were the first teeth of a fossil platypus to be found and were named Obdurodon insights. Naturally, these central Australian discoveries caused a great deal of delight as well as anticipation but despite many tonnes of processed matrix later, central Australia has failed to produce more than a few isolated teeth, a fragment of a lower jaw and a portion of a pelvis. Discovery of the opalised jaw of Steropodon galmani in the dinosaur rich early Cretaceous deposits of Lightning ridge was one of the most exciting moments in the history of Australian palaeontology. It was the first and so far only known Mesozoic mammal from Australia. It may also have been the largest Cretaceous mammal anywhere in the world, overlapping in size some of the smallest dinosaurs, although less than twice the size of the living platypus. It had well developed teeth whose shape indicates that even by this early date monotremes has achieved many of the distinctive dental features that distinguish them from other groups of mammals. When we first discovered Ringtail Site at Riversleigh ,one of the system C localities in Rays Amphitheatre, apart from the ringtail possum jaw and some bats, we saw little in the way of mammals. But in the lab we were delighted to find isolated molars of the first fossil platypus from riversleigh. In the 1985 expedition a whole, perfect skull, the first and only ornithorynchid skull known apart from that of the modern Platypus. It was spotted as a braincast, complete with fosslilsed blood vessels when pieces of the skull were broken away in the course of fracturing blocks of limestone. After recovery and restoration of the broken pieces and dissolution of the surrounding limestone in dilute acetic acid,  the skull that emerged took their breath away. The Riversleigh material has provided a great deal of new information about the structure, relationships and paleobiogeography of platypuses in general. At this point besides the complete skull there is a complete dentition and partial lower jaw. So far, specimens of the riversleigh Obdurodon have come from the so called aquatic sites. Discovery in 1991 and 1992 of Obdurodon like monotreme teeth in 61-63 million year old sediments in Patagonia, Southern Argentina, has shocked everyone who thought platypuses were uniquely Australian. Clearly they were once part of a Gondwanan fauna that must also have been present on Antarctica, but survives today only in Australia. Because the living platypus, the only surviving descendant of Obdurodon, has become highly specialised with loss of its functional teeth, overall reduction in body size simplification of most of its cranial anatomy, we are concerned that all the lineage is in decline. When a group looses its generalised body form and edges to far out on its evolutionary limb in terms of specialisation, that limb is in increasing danger of falling off. The fossil record of rapid decline over just the last 15% of its known history suggests a less optimistic view. This is an animal just surviving in the twilight of a long and remarkable history. To add to these concerns, todays platypuses persist only in the permanent river systems of eastern Australia, sometimes in remnant rainforests but more often in the rivers that drain the open forests of the great divide. With humans abusing their the chemistry of the waterways with fertilisers and other noxious substances and deforestation and pollution of the rivers watersheds its candle may be in imminent danger of going out.

Why Students of the School of Pharmacy Shift to Another Course Essay Example for Free

Why Students of the School of Pharmacy Shift to Another Course Essay Introduction Pharmacy is a course concentrating on drugs and patient care. With rapid advances being made in medicine, it is necessary for pharmacy students to encounter more pressure in studying and to be life-long learners after graduating from pharmacy school. Motivation is a psychological concept that refers to a person’s willingness to put effort in order to achieve educational goals and it is necessary in being sure of what you want. But there are cases that student’s motivation is degraded because they don’t want what they’re doing or taking up. There are maybe factors or reasons why students choose their course they didn’t want it at first but with this factors and reasons it may lead to the confusion of students during the period of that course and decides to shift. If you have decided to change because you don’t enjoy your current course, then you should be absolutely certain that you’ll enjoy the course you’re moving to. You should also be aware that changing course has significant negative consequences, you have to be certain that the change is worth it. Our aim is to know the different factors that affect the decision making of the students why they shift course after a year or two in pharmacy school. The researchers have chosen this study to know the reason why there are students shifting to other course in their early years or their later years. The researchers wanted to know what are the reasons as to why there are students, even though they know that is hard, still keep on going. Maybe the researchers might be able to postulate a better course outline that the students might be comfortable with. With this in mind, the researchers decided to create a survey so they can gather and come up with insight applicable to the students of Centro Escolar University Manila, School of Pharmacy. Setting of the study This study was conducted in Centro Escolar University Manila where it was established on June 3, 1907 by Doà ±a Librada Avelino and Doà ±a Carmen de Luna for the instruction and training of the youth in all branches of the arts and sciences. With some branches, a single blackboard and a few book, two educators steadfastly nurtured a dream of establishing a nationalistic center of learning for Filipino women. The first college that is Pharmacy, opened in 1921, the College of Liberal Arts, Education and Dentistry followed one after the other. Three years later, the College of Optometry was established. CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY: SEVENTY FIVE YEARS OF FILIPINISTIC EDUCATION A BRIEF HISTORY: Centro Escolar University was founded in 1907 by Doà ±a Librada Avelino, then a young woman of 24, together with Doà ±a Carmen de Luna, a close friend and associate, and Fernando Salas, a lawyer friend, who gave Doà ±a Ada encouragement and financial support. Originally and fittingly called Centro Escolar de Seà ±oritas, the institution offered an education program whose set-up and guiding philosophy are provided in Article IV of the by-laws governing the college: The purpose for which the corporation is constituted is the opening of primary, intermediate and secondary classes, and later on the collegiate departments, and the teaching of the subjects which refer to physical, intellectual, moral and civic training of the individual. The constitution and the by-laws of the Centro Escolar de Seà ±oritas was approved on June 10, 1910, three years after its establishment. The educational philosophy of the founder is reflected in the academic and civic training she and her colleagues gave the students. Their participation in civic public events had always been one of the typical characteristics of the pedagogy of Doà ±a Ada. It was her aim to bring out the Filipino woman from her femininity and respect for valued tradition. Doà ±a Ada practically shouldered the entire responsibility for the successful administration of the school from the date of its founding to her death on November 9, 1934. (She was succeeded by Doà ±a Carmen, who continued the work left by her co-founder until the former’s death on November 4, 1962. From 1962 to her death on December 10, 1973, Mrs. Pilar Hidalgo Lim, educator and civic leader, was president of the University. Mrs. Lim’s administration was characterized by expansion in enrollment and infrastructure development). During the early stage, Doà ±a Ada was assisted by her co-founder, Doà ±a Carmen, who was sub-directress and dean of discipline; by Margarita Oliva, Doà ±a Ada’s cousin, who served as administrator; by Maria Francisco, (later to become Mrs. Villaceran), first Filipino woman-lawyer, who was the first secretary of the Centro Escolar University; and by Felisa B. Francisco, who served as the first treasurer of the Centro Escolar de Seà ±oritas. Among the first faculty members of the Centro Escolar were Josue Soncuya lawyer, educator; Manuel Revago – eminent orator and man oof letters; Alberto Campos – former captain of the Spanish Army. Later, two of the stalwarts joined the pioneer. Miss Generosa de Leon, an AB graduate of CEU (1910), served as Registrar and Treasurer from 1921 up to her death on October 11, 1962. Conception A. Aguila joined the Centro Escolar de Seà ±oritas as kindergarten teacher in 1921, then served subsequently as high school teacher, college instructor, principal and supervisor. At the time of her death on September 6, 1959, Dr. Aguila was legal and educational consultant, executive director and dean of the Graduate School. The Centro Escolar University has now a kindergarten school, an elementary school, a high school, 12 colleges and a graduate school. The years of their founding are as follows: 1907-Kindergarten, elementary, general secondary, music and home arts course 1911-Two-year high school commercial course 1917-Three-year domestic science course. Not long afterwards this was made a 4-year course 1921-College of Pharmacy 1924-College of Liberal Arts and College of Education 1925-College of Dentistry 1926-Graduate School 1928-College of Optometry (the first college of Optometry in the Philippines) 1930-College of Music 1948-College of Social Work 1958-College of Food and Nutrition 1960-College of Medical Technology 1963-College of Chemistry 1975-College of Nursing The Centro Escolar University has grown from 123 students in 1907 to the present close to 18,000 on all levels in three campuses. A number of changes have taken place since its founding in order to meet the demands of the fast changing society. In all of these changes, however, the administrators have always been guided by the Founder’s philosophy of moderate modernism and progressive Filipinism captured in the motto: ciencia y virtud. It has also a branch in Tambo, Paraà ±aque, Rizal. Founded in 1954 as Baclaran High School, the CEY branch is now named Generosa de Leon Memorial School in memory of the late â€Å"Maestra Osang†, former registrar and treasurer of Centro Escolar University. Another branch was opened in Malolos, Bulacan in 1978 in response to the national call to decongest Metro Manila. The fourth president of the Centro Escolar University and its first male president is Mr. Dionisio C. Tiongco. In his inaugural address on May 4, 1974, President Tiongco committed the University to a greater invovlment in the national’s affair. He spoke of two general directions to achieve this goal; first to enable the University to do a better job as an institution of learning, he wholeheartedly supported the idea of consortiums. Second, he encourage the search for innovations which are responsive to the needs of the times. As a result, Centro Escolar University has started to offer non-degree work-oriented and technical courses in order to respond to a specific need. He further pledged to continue the pursuit of excellence in the standards of instruction and research of the University. The understanding and appreciation of Philippine life and culture has always been the underlying motivation behind most of the University research projects and cultural presentations. In depth studies of Filipino culture groups and of basic rural communities abound in the University research literature. The outstanding University publications treat of the Filipino family in its rural and urban orientation and of the food culture of the Filipinos. Recently completed in an NSDB-sponsored research on the Filipino adolescents in the rural and urban setting. The credit of pioneering in the presentation of opera in Filipino goes to CEU. Over the years, some of the University opera presentations are original works like Hinilawod, Mariang Makiling, Princesa Urduha, and Pilipino translation of the classic opera pieces like Aida, Carmen, Mignon, Lucia at Lammermoor, Tales of Hoffman, Merry Wives of Windsor, La Traviata, Rigoletto and Un Ballo in Mashera. BIBLIOGRAPHY JOURNALS AND MAGAZINES Hastings, Jan K., et. al. â€Å"Pharmacy Students Motivation†, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, vol.65 (Fall 2001) ELECTRONIC SOURCES How Hard is Pharmacy from http://www.pharmdprograms.orglis-pharmacy-school-hard/ What it Takes To Get A Pharmacy Degree from http://www.life123.com/career-money/careers/pharmacy/pharmacy-degrees.shtml What To Consider Before Becoming A Pharmacist from http://www.life123.com/carrer-money/careers/pharmacy/becoming-a-pharmacist.shtml Five Things to Consider Before Shifting Courses from http://www.ormahighlights.com/2012/07/five-things-to-consider-before-shifting-course/ Shifting College Course from http://www.sharedreviews.com/article/shifting-college-courses Changing Course at University from http://www.studentroom.co.uk/wiki/changing-course Why Do Students Shift Course from http://www.mylot.com/w/discusion/1601353.aspx Impact Of A Gender Shift On A Profession from http://www.forumpublicpolicy.com/archive07/gardner.pharmacy.pdf Significance of the study The study will answer administrator, teachers in School of Pharmacy as to why pharmacy students choose to shift rather than finish the course. We will know the subjects that make students decide to shift. Knowledge of this will greatly help them be responsible to adopt earlier to decrease failing grades in the subject, thereby reducing the shifters of pharmacy. If we will know the reason why students of pharmacy shift, we might be able to make a course outline to prevent the shifting of pharmacy student.

Authority As Reflected In Antigone English Literature Essay

Authority As Reflected In Antigone English Literature Essay In comparing the classical plays Antigone and The Inspector General I propose to examine the concept of authority meaning sovereign, arbiter in relation to a, or in conflict with a character representing law of natural justice personifying moral authority in the two different periods and societies of human civilization, the ancient City of Thebes and a typical provincial Russian town. The two plays are more than two millennia apart; one is a tragedy while the other is comical. Both the plays, in their unique ways reflect the ruling authority and the moral order of their times. Antigone true to her name as the one who goes against defies the authority of a despotic ruler Creon. She acts based on her conviction that the laws of right and wrong are to be obeyed above the authority of a sovereign. If in defiance of the law we cross a monarchs will? Weak women, think of that, not framed by nature to contend with men. Remember this is too that the stronger rules; we must obey ordersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. says Ismene, the response of Antigone is, I shall abide forever the eternal laws of Heaven. Ismene and Antigone represent diametrically opposed characters, one of passive submission and the other of courage. Creon is obsessive in his concern for order and defense of the City of Thebes, convinced that absolute and unchallenged power alone can protect his kingdom and its laws. In his world nothing and nobody is above the State. The issue of natural justice and moral principles do not exist in his rulebook. In the pursuit of his power to enforce the laws of the kingdo m he is merciless and dictatorial. The obsessive concern for the laws of Thebes to be observed by everyone for its survival makes him highly insecure; he is frightened by any kind of challenge to his authority real or imaginary. My guards have been bribed, men in the city have been muttering against me. Sophocles dexterously uses the chorus in the play Antigone partly as a narrator. On the other hand in Gogols play the broad landscape of the nineteenth century Russia, radically different from a small city state of Thebes, is described through the life of an anonymous provincial town. If, for Creon bribes were the worst evil, in The Inspector General bribery is a way of life, Dont graft higher than your rank sounds like a statement of virtue. The Russian Tsar presiding over the largest landlocked kingdom on Earth wielded unchallenged and absolute power. His dictatorial writ in the vast land of Russia is implemented through an elaborate bureaucratic structure where a towns governor is the despotic authority, ruling his fief in collaboration with other equally corrupt functionaries like a judge, police, hospital head and even charitable organizations in the town are in sync with the corrupt system. If Creon speaks with contempt for a woman, Speak, girl, with head bent low and downcast eyes, does thou plead guilty or deny the deed? Gogols governor is a vulgar and funny caricature, though tragic for the society. In those two weeks I have flogged the wife of a non commissioned officer, the prisoners were not given their rations, the streets are dirty as a pothouse a scandal, a disgrace! exclaims the governor in a rare moment of silent introspection. While Creon is scared of any challenge to his authority, more so if it comes from a woman, the governor of Gogol is a woman beater, disdainful of women in general, To say women and enoughs said. Everything is froth and bubble to you. The worst you would get would be a flogging; but it means ruination to the husband. Creons sentry displays wisdom greater than his master. He says that a wrong judgment by a person in power is disastrous for the society. Such a sentrys equivalents for the Russian Governor are Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky. They are totally servile and spineless creatures, even more stupid than the Governor himself. Their greatest ambition is to be mentioned to the Tsar, I beg your highness or your Excellency most worshipfully, when you get back to St. Petersburg, please tell all the high personages there, if you should happen to speak to the Tsar, then tell him too, Piotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives in this town. Creon is convinced that punishment for disobeying his authority should be severe and exemplary There is nothing worse than disobedience to authority. In Gogols world of the authority each official, be it the governor or the postmaster lives in eternal fear of the central authority in the Capital of Russia. At the same time the powers delegated under the Tsarist absolute rule are manipulated and misused by them for their own individual benefits. Their apathy is tragically comic. The caricature and tragedy of this absolute power is reflected in the personages of the governor and his team on the one hand and Khlestakov on the other. Khlestakov boastfully holds forth to his frightened audience of the all powerful town authority, Even the Imperial Council is afraid of me. I dont spare anybody. I am everywhere, everywhere. The great authority trembles at his empty words. The eternal conflict between the right and wrong is reflected broadly in every great classic of the World be it, Antigone with its highly dramatic conflict between the rules of the State on the one hand and the center of moral authority on the other as reflected in the powerful character of a vulnerable young woman who throws a challenge to the kings orders Whoeer transgresses shall be stoned to death. However, Antigones conviction is mightier than Creons authority The immutable unwritten laws of Heaven. They were not born today nor yesterday; they die not; and none knoweth whence they sprang. I was not like, who feared no mortals frown to disobey these laws and so provoke the wrath of Heaven. I knew that I must dieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The impotent anger of the sovereign Creon the greatest authority in the kingdom is expressed in his reaction to Antigones revolt Now if she thus can flout authority, unpunished, I am woman, she the man. Gogol was a supporter of the Tsarist order. It is the monarch who generates love towards himself and he alone can reconcile all classes and turn the nation into a harmonious orchestra. Thus, the Tsar is Gods earthly image and representative. wrote Gogol. How he described the life of Russia under the Tsarist order, in effect is in contradiction with his belief in the Tsars authority. His Governor is far from being Gods image on the Earth who rules with total contempt, not only for women, but for all citizens. He is corrupt to the marrow of his bones and his fear results in stupidity. The conditions in the court, school and hospital underline moral bankruptcy of the Tsarist authority. The insecurity of the powers that be leads them to become subservient to a young twenty three year old crook, Khlestakov. This is in deep contrast with the conflict depicted by Sophocles. The two plays not only belong to different ages and civilizations, one is a tragedy in form, while the other is a del ightful satire. No civil society can do without an active rule of law and authority, at the same time, a dictatorial rule destroys the foundation of a civil society. The ruler of Thebes lives in fear of his authority being sabotaged. Whereas in the vast Russian empire, the Governor of the town, exercising dictatorial powers lives in morbid fear of being exposed in his corrupt ways and losing his authority. In Gogols The Inspector General there is no Antigone to challenge the authority of the state and assert moral authority. Gogol uses satire and achieves the same result in depicting bankruptcy of immoral State power as Sophocles did though depicting a tragic conflict. Word Count Æ’Â   1,308 Words

Socrates Essay -- essays research papers

Socrates (470-399 BC)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socrates was born to a poor Athenian family in 470 BC He spent most of his time teaching others. One of his pupils was Plato. Socrates was a believer in absolute truth rather than relative truth. His main interest was the process by which people learned how to think for themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He would usually talk to whoever would take the time to listen. He asked many questions and criticized answers. His style of conversation has been given the name Socratic dialogue. Socrates would often ask students questions without giving them answers. When the students did give answers, he opposed them with clear logical arguments. This method forced his students to defend their statements and to clarify their thinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socrates was the wisest philosopher of his time. He was one of three great teachers of ancient Greece. Socrates was short and fat, with a snub nose and wide mouth. Despite his ugly appearance, many said he was a very moral teacher and a pleasant man to be around. Socrates married a lady named Xanthippe. She was notorious for her sharp tongue and quick temper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Athenian mob and its self-serving leaders did not appreciate Socrates and his teachings. In 399 BC, they accused him of â€Å"corrupting the young† and of â€Å"not worshipping the gods worshipped by the state.† These men took Socrates to trial and brought hi...

Banquo as the Victim of Shakespeares Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Banquo as the Victim of Macbeth      Ã‚   The reader finds in Shakespeare's Macbeth that the cunning and machinations of evilly inclined people do not pay off. On the other hand, the progeny of the honest will rule the kingdom. This paper is the story of Banquo the innocent.    Blanche Coles states in Shakespeare's Four Giants that Banquo is "a man to be feared" by Macbeth:    Besides Lady Macbeth, the one who knows how much Macbeth is acting is Banquo. In the scene where Banquo is starting for his afternoon ride, the conversation between the new King and his "chief guest" is artificial on both sides. In pretending that he is about to seek advice from Banquo, Macbeth [. . .] is relying on the security of his office to prevent a contradiction from Banquo. A few lines farther on he says that his fears in Banquo sink deep. In the long soliloquy, beginning "To be thus is nothing," he reflects that Banquo would dare a great deal, and yet his daring is accompanied by a certain wisdom that would guide him to act safely. So he is a man to be feared. (56-57)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack explains how the Bard upgraded the Holinshed version of Banquo:    His [King James] family, the Stuarts, claimed descent from Banquo, and it is perhaps on this account that Shakespeare departs from Holinshed, in whose narrative Banquo is Macbeth's accomplice in the assassination of Duncan, to insist on his "royalty of nature" and the "dauntless temper of his mind" (3.1.50). Many critics see a notable compliment to James in the dumb show of kings descending from Banquo ("What, will the line stretch out to th' crack of doom?" (186)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare comment that Banquo is a force of good in the play, set in opposition to Macbeth:    Banquo, the loyal soldier, praying for restraint against evil thoughts which enter his mind as they had entered Macbeth's, but which work no evil there, is set over against Macbeth, as virtue is set over against disloyalty.   (792)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye explains the rationale behind Banquo's ghost in this play:    Except for the episode of Hercules leaving Antony, where mysterious music is heard again, there is nothing really supernatural in Shakespeare's tragedies that is not connected with the murder of the order-figures. Banquo as the Victim of Shakespeare's Macbeth :: Macbeth essays Banquo as the Victim of Macbeth      Ã‚   The reader finds in Shakespeare's Macbeth that the cunning and machinations of evilly inclined people do not pay off. On the other hand, the progeny of the honest will rule the kingdom. This paper is the story of Banquo the innocent.    Blanche Coles states in Shakespeare's Four Giants that Banquo is "a man to be feared" by Macbeth:    Besides Lady Macbeth, the one who knows how much Macbeth is acting is Banquo. In the scene where Banquo is starting for his afternoon ride, the conversation between the new King and his "chief guest" is artificial on both sides. In pretending that he is about to seek advice from Banquo, Macbeth [. . .] is relying on the security of his office to prevent a contradiction from Banquo. A few lines farther on he says that his fears in Banquo sink deep. In the long soliloquy, beginning "To be thus is nothing," he reflects that Banquo would dare a great deal, and yet his daring is accompanied by a certain wisdom that would guide him to act safely. So he is a man to be feared. (56-57)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack explains how the Bard upgraded the Holinshed version of Banquo:    His [King James] family, the Stuarts, claimed descent from Banquo, and it is perhaps on this account that Shakespeare departs from Holinshed, in whose narrative Banquo is Macbeth's accomplice in the assassination of Duncan, to insist on his "royalty of nature" and the "dauntless temper of his mind" (3.1.50). Many critics see a notable compliment to James in the dumb show of kings descending from Banquo ("What, will the line stretch out to th' crack of doom?" (186)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare comment that Banquo is a force of good in the play, set in opposition to Macbeth:    Banquo, the loyal soldier, praying for restraint against evil thoughts which enter his mind as they had entered Macbeth's, but which work no evil there, is set over against Macbeth, as virtue is set over against disloyalty.   (792)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye explains the rationale behind Banquo's ghost in this play:    Except for the episode of Hercules leaving Antony, where mysterious music is heard again, there is nothing really supernatural in Shakespeare's tragedies that is not connected with the murder of the order-figures.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome I Essay -- Crib Death SIDS

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) is a traumatic and tragic disease that affects thousands of babies throughout the world every year. There is no way of explaining the death of a child that has SIDS and there are no real ways of predicting if it could happen to any baby. What makes SIDS even worse is that the source of what exactly may be the cause of it is still unknown. Advanced research in the last 30 years has dramatically reduced the number of deaths. SIDS not only affects the infants but also the families of the infant and it proves to be a very tough and emotional experience for them. So what exactly is SIDS? The term SIDS was finally defined in 1969 as the sudden death of an infant or child, which is unexpected by history and in which a through post-mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause of death (Culbertson 3). Basically this is another way of saying that it is not known why these babies die. SIDS is not a new disease contrary to what some people might believe, but it has been happening throughout time, unexplained deaths of babies are even recorded in the bible. SIDS was probably the most neglected disease ever recorded in history of man. It wasn't until recently that major steps were taken to figure out why babies were dying so unexpectedly and what could we do to prevent it from happening. So what exactly causes SIDS and is there anything we can do to prevent it? Well as of right now, the cause of SIDS is unknown. We do not know what causes SIDS and there are no consistent warning signs that might alert us to the risk of it. However, scientists and researchers have discovered many things that might attribute to the causes of SIDS. SIDS almost always occurs at night when the infant is sleeping. A higher incidence of SIDS is seen among premature and low birth weight children. Women who smoke and let their children be exposed to smoke give their children a higher risk of SIDS. Low birth rates among children have a higher chance of getting SIDS. Finally there is a much higher rate of SIDS when infants are placed on their stomach to sleep.(Culbertson, 8-10) One of the biggest recommendations physicians make to new parents today is to let their babies sleep on their back. Putting them on their back greatly decreases the risk of SIDS to their children. These are just some of the things that have been... ...2). Everything we know, all the information that is produced and published is all just a theory because we don't even know what happened and what caused the death. So where do we go from here? What can be done to stop this terrible disease? Who knows. All we can do is sit back and hope someone's 'theory'; is the right one and be thankful that this disease only affects 1-3 infants per thousand born. There are so many questions but not nearly enough answers and until that day we can only do what the experts tell us to do and hopefully the SIDS disease will almost become non-existent. Culbertson, Krous, Bendell, ed. 1988 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Medical Aspects and Psychological Management. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press Bergman, Abraham B. M.D. 1986 The 'Discovery'; of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Lessons in the Practice of Political Medicine. New York: Praeger Publishers Guntheroth, Warren G. M.D. 1989 CRIB DEATH : The Sudden Infant Syndrome Death Second Revised Edition Mount Kisco, New York Futura Publishing Company. Injury Prevention Committee, Canadian Pedrictric Society. Reducing the Risk of Sudden Infant Death. Journal of Pedriactics and Child Death

Management Policy & Strategy Essay

Management Policy and Strategies course was very interesting and at the same time important for my career goal. I really wasn’t sure what I was going into when I signed up for this course, however I was able to learn much from it, thanks to Professor Dennis Strouble and all of my wonderful classmates. The position that I hold currently at my place of employment is Program Coordinator, however the duties that I am responsible for fall under a manager’s position, therefore I am able to bring information that I have learned in this class to my work place. SWOT analysis section of this course was also very interesting. Even though I had heard of the SWOT analysis before, I really didn’t pay too much mind to it, but now that I took this course I am more knowledgeable about it. Because I can implement SWOT analysis into not only at my workplace but in my personal life, as well, therefore I consider it very important to know. SWOT stands for: Strengths, Weaknesses, Oppo rtunities, and Threats. Knowing this information and the meaning to it will make me able to input analysis into what I currently do now and in the future. Performing internal and external analysis is an important factor to when managing a business or even a department. Since job plays a manager role, I will be able to perform duties and really look at the department policies and tasks processes and analyze the internal and external areas within the program organization. I deal with low-income families, monthly and quarterly reporting, day-to-day administration, finance, etc. and learning everything I learned in this course will make a positive input to the program, to the organization and most importantly to the federal fund institution that is funding our program. Understanding implementation is an important key to my job. Implementing new ideas and processes is part of my job daily. Therefore, with all the information that I learned which I have not mentioned all, these are some i mportant factors that I will be able to utilize in the business that I am currently in moving forward. Having a professor that actually cares and enjoys teaching (and does a great job at it) really helped me understand the material. I do appreciate the time and effort that you have provided for my classmates and me.

Deception Point Page 43

Norah took a final look up the incline, grateful for the illuminated pathway home. As she looked out, though, something odd occurred. For an instant, one of the nearest flares entirely disappeared from view. Before Norah could worry that it was dying out, the flare reappeared. If Norah didn't know better, she would assume something had passed between the flare and her location. Certainly nobody else was out here†¦ unless of course the administrator had started to feel guilty and sent a NASA team out after them. Somehow Norah doubted it. Probably nothing, she decided. A gust of wind had momentarily killed the flame. Norah returned to the GPR. â€Å"All lined up?† Tolland shrugged. â€Å"I think so.† Norah went over to the control device on the sled and pressed a button. A sharp buzz emanated from the GPR and then stopped. â€Å"Okay,† she said. â€Å"Done.† â€Å"That's it?† Corky said. â€Å"All the work is in setup. The actual shot takes only a second.† Onboard the sled, the heat-transfer printer had already begun to hum and click. The printer was enclosed in a clear plastic covering and was slowly ejecting a heavy, curled paper. Norah waited until the device had completed printing, and then she reached up under the plastic and removed the printout. They'll see, she thought, carrying the printout over to the flare so that everyone could see it. There won't be any saltwater. Everyone gathered around as Norah stood over the flare, clutching the printout tightly in her gloves. She took a deep breath and uncurled the paper to examine the data. The image on the paper made her recoil in horror. â€Å"Oh, God!† Norah stared, unable to believe what she was looking at. As expected, the printout revealed a clear cross section of the water-filled meteorite shaft. But what Norah had never expected to see was the hazy grayish outline of a humanoid form floating halfway down the shaft. Her blood turned to ice. â€Å"Oh God†¦ there's a body in the extraction pit.† Everyone stared in stunned silence. The ghostlike body was floating head down in the narrow shaft. Billowing around the corpse like some sort of cape was an eerie shroudlike aura. Norah now realized what the aura was. The GPR had captured a faint trace of the victim's heavy coat, what could only be a familiar, long, dense camel hair. â€Å"It's†¦ Ming,† she said in a whisper. â€Å"He must have slipped†¦.† Norah Mangor never imagined that seeing Ming's body in the extraction pit would be the lesser of the two shocks the printout would reveal, but as her eyes traced downward in the shaft, she saw something else. The ice beneath the extraction shaft†¦ Norah stared. Her first thought was that something had gone wrong with the scan. Then, as she studied the image more closely, an unsettling realization began to grow, like the storm gathering around them. The paper's edges flapped wildly in the wind as she turned and looked more intently at the printout. But†¦ that's impossible! Suddenly, the truth came crashing down. The realization felt like it was going to bury her. She forgot all about Ming. Norah now understood. The saltwater in the shaft! She fell to her knees in the snow beside the flare. She could barely breathe. Still clutching the paper in her hands, she began trembling. My God†¦ it didn't even occur to me. Then, with a sudden eruption of rage, she spun her head in the direction of the NASA habisphere. â€Å"You bastards!† she screamed, her voice trailing off in the wind. â€Å"You goddamned bastards!† In the darkness, only fifty yards away, Delta-One held his CrypTalk device to his mouth and spoke only two words to his controller. â€Å"They know.† 49 Norah Mangor was still kneeling on the ice when the bewildered Michael Tolland pulled the Ground Penetrating Radar's printout from her trembling hands. Shaken from seeing the floating body of Ming, Tolland tried to gather his thoughts and decipher the image before him. He saw the cross section of the meteorite shaft descending from the surface down to two hundred feet into the ice. He saw Ming's body floating in the shaft. Tolland's eyes drifted lower now, and he sensed something was amiss. Directly beneath the extraction shaft, a dark column of sea ice extended downward to the open ocean below. The vertical pillar of saltwater ice was massive-the same diameter as the shaft. â€Å"My God!† Rachel yelled, looking over Tolland's shoulder. â€Å"It looks like the meteorite shaft continues all the way through the ice shelf into the ocean!† Tolland stood transfixed, his brain unable to accept what he knew to be the only logical explanation. Corky looked equally alarmed. Norah shouted, â€Å"Someone drilled up under the shelf!† Her eyes were wild with rage. â€Å"Someone intentionally inserted that rock from underneath the ice!† Although the idealist in Tolland wanted to reject Norah's words, the scientist in him knew she could easily be right. The Milne Ice Shelf was floating over the ocean with plenty of clearance for a submersible. Because everything weighed significantly less underwater, even a small submersible not much bigger than Tolland's one-man research Triton easily could have transported the meteorite in its payload arms. The sub could have approached from the ocean, submerged beneath the ice shelf, and drilled upward into the ice. Then, it could have used an extending payload arm or inflatable balloons to push the meteorite up into the shaft. Once the meteorite was in place, the ocean water that had risen into the shaft behind the meteorite would begin to freeze. As soon as the shaft closed enough to hold the meteorite in place, the sub could retract its arm and disappear, leaving Mother Nature to seal the remainder of the tunnel and erase all traces of the deception. â€Å"But why?† Rachel demanded, taking the printout from Tolland and studying it. â€Å"Why would someone do that? Are you sure your GPR is working?† â€Å"Of course, I'm sure! And the printout perfectly explains the presence of phosphorescent bacteria in the water!† Tolland had to admit, Norah's logic was chillingly sound. Phosphorescent dinoflagellates would have followed instinct and swum upward into the meteorite shaft, becoming trapped just beneath the meteorite and freezing into the ice. Later, when Norah heated the meteorite, the ice directly beneath would have melted, releasing the plankton. Again, they would swim upward, this time reaching the surface inside the habisphere, where they would eventually die for lack of saltwater. â€Å"This is crazy!† Corky yelled. â€Å"NASA has a meteorite with extraterrestrial fossils in it. Why would they care where it's found? Why would they go to the trouble to bury it under an ice shelf?† â€Å"Who the hell knows,† Norah fired back, â€Å"but GPR printouts don't lie. We were tricked. That meteorite isn't part of the Jungersol Fall. It was inserted in the ice recently. Within the last year, or the plankton would be dead!† She was already packing up her GPR gear on the sled and fastening it down. â€Å"We've to get back and tell someone! The President is about to go public with all the wrong data! NASA tricked him!† â€Å"Wait a minute!† Rachel yelled. â€Å"We should at least run another scan to make sure. None of this makes sense. Who will believe it?† â€Å"Everyone,† Norah said, preparing her sled. â€Å"When I march into the habisphere and drill another core sample out of the bottom of the meteorite shaft and it comes up as saltwater ice, I guarantee you everyone will believe this!† Norah disengaged the brakes on the equipment sled, redirected it toward the habisphere, and started back up the slope, digging her crampons into the ice and pulling the sled behind her with surprising ease. She was a woman on a mission.

Ancient Egyptian Math

In the ancient times, Egypt was a very large, complex nation. The ancient Egyptians did many things, but did they use Math? There are several evidences that the Egyptians, indeed used mathematics. Most of our knowledge of Egyptian math comes from two mathematical papyri: The Rhind Papyrus, and the Moscow Papyrus. These documents contain many ancient Egyptian math problems. We also know the Egyptians used math just by looking at their architecture! The Great Pyramid at Giza is an incredible feat of engineering. This gives us one clear indication that the society had reached a high level of achievement.Another indicator is that early hieroglyphic numerals can be found on temples, stone monuments and vases. Beginning with the basics, here is how the Egyptians used math: Number System: The Egyptians had a base 10 system of hieroglyphs for numerals. This means that they had separate symbols for one unit, one ten, one hundred, one thousand, one ten thousand, one hundred thousand, and one m illion. For example, to make up the number 159, fifteen symbols are required:1 â€Å"hundred† symbol, 5 â€Å"ten† symbols, and 9 â€Å"unit† symbols. Over time the Egyptians came up with another form of numbers. These numbers were called â€Å"hieratic numerals†.These numerals were much more detailed, but more memorization was needed to remember all the symbols. The Hieratic Numerals included the numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70,80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000 With this system, only a few symbols were needed to form large numbers. For example, the number 777 only uses 3 hieratic symbols, instead of 21 hieroglyphs. Adding and Subtracting: Adding and subtracting was a very simple process. All you would do was take the two numbers you were adding together and put the same symbols into the same group.For example, say that P stands for 1, and M stands for 10 . All you need to do is add the numbers 15 and 27 together. PPPPP M = 15 PPPPPPP MM=27 To add those together we simply combine them. PPPPPPPPPPPP MMM= PP MMMM (42) The same process is used for subtraction. Multiplication: To multiply 2 numbers of any size, all you need to know is how to add. To multiply 2 numbers you would write them in a column form. Let’s multiply 36 and 21. We write the equation like this: 36 x 21 Below the two numbers each make 2 columns. The first column always begins with the number 1, and each number in that column doubles each time you write it. o your first column would look like this: 36 x 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 For the 2nd column, under the 21, begin with the number you are multiplying, and double that number each line. 21 21 42 84 168 336 672 1344 2688 In the end you should have two columns that look like this: 36 x 21 1 21 2 42 4 84 8 168 16 336 32 672 64 1344 128 2688 You then take numbers from the first column that will add up to 36: 32+4 = 36 Ne xt plug in the corresponding numbers in the 2nd column to the equation that makes up the first number (in this example the number is 36).For example, the corresponding number to the number 2 is 42. The number across from the number 32 is 672, and the number across from the number 4 is 84. All I have to do is add those 2 numbers together: 672+84= 756 36Ãâ€"21=756 And there is your answer! Division is a reversal of the multiplication process: 300/25 1. 25 2. 50 4. 100 8. 200 16. 400 32. 800 64. 1600 200 + 100 = 300 Match the corresponding numbers: 8+4 = 12 The answer is 12. These multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction methods are all found on the Rhind and Moscow papyrus. What are these Papyri?They are ancient documents from around 2000 BC that have many advanced math formulas and problems on them. The Rhind Papyrus: The Rhind Papyrus is named after the British collector, Alexander Rhind, who found it in 1858. The Rhind Papyrus is located in the British Museum, and conta ins mathematics problems and solutions. There are 84 math problems including simple equations, geometric series & simultaneous equations, determining, geometric series, and simple algebra found on the papyrus. The Moscow Papyrus: In the 19th century, an Egyptologist- Vladimir Golenishchev, found the apyrus and brought it to Russia.The Moscow papyrus contains only about 25 math problems. Of the 25 math problems, 7 of them are geometry. The papyrus is now located in the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow The Ancient Egyptians obviously had a very good understanding of mathematics. They looked for patterns and found ways to add, subtract, multiply and divide. They came up with many formulas and tricks they helped their societies become more advanced. They have contributed much to our modern math world. So, the lesson to learn from this? Don’t underestimate math. Math is in everything!

The review of the Documentary: The Corporation

The Corporation is a Canadian documentary film, which appeared in 2003. The movie is based on the book â€Å"The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power† by Joel Bakan. Filmmaking team, which consists of Jennifer Abbott, Joel Bakan and Mark Achbar, has produced a nice combination of documentary movie presented in an unusual way. It explores origins, development and present state of corporation. The authors of the film study the impact corporations have on the modern society in general and individual people in particular. The film presents unprejudiced view on such mega corporations as McDonald’s, Coca-Cola, IBM and Nike. Michael Moore, Naomi Klein, Milton Friedman and Noam Chomsky, respected economists and Noble prize-winners, express their views on the impact of corporation.   They make a good deal showing true appearance of corporations and influence they have on average people. This is the type of the movie, which makes people think and imagine possible consequences of the activities of the corporations we now perceive as an inevitable part of our life. Sharp critics in the movie do not only express the opinion of the authors. Much data and statistics presented in the movie prove that facts given there are not a fruit of the authors’ imagination. The film explores an important problem and those, who care about their own future and future of their children, should be aware of the facts given there. The authors of the movie treat corporations as separate individuals and judge their deeds accordingly. Watching things from such a perspective gives the audience a better understanding of the harm committed by the corporations to the society. Specific examples help to create necessary effect. Originally, corporation was created by the government and possessed specific functions. In modern world corporations possess legal rights same as individuals do. Such equality was primary initiated by the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, which gave corporations or time-limited entities same rights as individuals. Such a decision has had a long-lasting effect including misuse or even abuse of monopoly, additional political influence and many others. The authors try to analyze corporations using criteria of modern psychology, such as DSM-IV, Robert Hare’s and other evaluation criteria.   They treat world-famous corporations as psychopaths. American corporations become the object of scrupulous attention. All the results show that if treated like a person, a corporation would have serious personality disorders. Corporations are estimated in regard to their â€Å"serial behaviors† with the help of a â€Å"Personality Diagnostic Checklist.† Those, who organize an experiment find such things of disorders as manipulation, lying, paying no attention to the needs of other people and many others, which modern psychologists associate with psychopathic individuals. It is worth to mention that experiment is made by true psychologists and it means that their diagnosis can be trusted. Theoretical basis of the movie gives a lot of exact data and statistics. This helps the audience to make their own conclusions concerning the problem. Long theorizing can be boring at times but the authors did their best in order not to miss any important information, which would be able to influence people’s opinion. The authors use strong arguments in order to prove their thesis. At the same time The Corporation uses entertaining techniques and has things, which can attract audience and entertain it. Exploring on of the most influential models of modern time, the authors of the film are far from abstract rhetoric and pathetic claims. Great number of commentators, who express their opinion on the subject, make an impression of professional and deep investigation performed by the authors.   In addition to serious investigation and opinion of qualified specialists, wit and humorous narration style helps to avoid dullness. Computer graphics create additional visionary effects and adds special charm to the film. Irony, wit and humor help the authors of the movie to express their main idea –   to shed light to such important questions as global warming, exhausting natural resource, governmental corruption, human rights and rich-poor gap and the way corporations are messed up with all these problems. The film is challenging not only because it uses innovative approach comparing corporations to individuals, but also because it gives new perspective on the problem with corporation. Filmmakers tell a story of corporations and show how they became so powerful and mighty that even can influence lives of people all over the world. They show dirty tricks used by these corporations and point out the possible consequences if the situation develops in this direction.   It is hard to believe in the impartial attitude of the filmmakers but in our age of globalization where corporation control economy, politics and even minds of people any chance should be used in order to bring truth to people and filmmakers do their best in order to use it. What I really liked about the movie was a combination of different ways to influence the audience. Filmmakers combine data and statistics, which give food for thoughts with the emotional appeal to people, who watch the movie. Such a combination is more likely to target hearts and minds of people and these means that the authors will be successful in passing their message to the audience. Bibliography ARCHBAR, M.,   ABBOTT, J. (2004)   The Corporation. Big Picture Media. The CORPORATION OFFICIAL WEBSITE htt